The tutorial does not have the detailed explanation of how to make actual knots and thus is for those, who knows the basics of macrame, namely horisontal double half-hitch knot, as it is almost the only one, used here. If you want to learn this and other knots, please look for detailed instructions: http://artnodus.ru/en/category/school
The butterfly fragment is made of polyester 0.3 mm thread and is approx 3.25 inches wide. The fragmet could be used to make a brooch or earrings etc. This part is not in the tutorial. There is no word explanation to the photos. For more photos of the similar technique please refer to the “Butterfly-earring” tutorial: https://www.livemaster.ru/topic/2832367-pletem-sergi-babochki-v-tehnike-makrame .